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A Conserved Stem-Loop Structure within ORF5 Is a Frequent Recombination Hotspot for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 (PRRSV-1) with a Particular Modified Live Virus (MLV) Strain.

Authors :
Mötz, Marlene
Stadler, Julia
Kreutzmann, Heinrich
Ladinig, Andrea
Lamp, Benjamin
Auer, Angelika
Riedel, Christiane
Rümenapf, Till
Source :
Viruses (1999-4915). Jan2023, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p258. 13p.
Publication Year :
2023

Abstract

The emergence of recombinant PRRSV strains has been observed for more than a decade. These recombinant viruses are characterized by a genome that contains genetic material from at least two different parental strains. Due to the advanced sequencing techniques and a growing number of data bank entries, the role of PRRSV recombinants has become increasingly important since they are sometimes associated with clinical outbreaks. Chimeric viruses observed more recently are products of PRRSV wild-type and vaccine strains. Here, we report on three PRRSV-1 isolates from geographically distant farms with differing clinical manifestations. A sequencing and recombination analysis revealed that these strains are crossovers between different wild-type strains and the same modified live virus vaccine strain. Interestingly, the recombination breakpoint of all analyzed isolates appears at the beginning of open reading frame 5 (ORF5). RNA structure predictions indicate a conserved stem loop in close proximity to the recombination hotspot, which is a plausible cause of a polymerase template switch during RNA replication. Further research into the mechanisms of the stem loop is needed to help understand the PRRSV recombination process and the role of MLVs as parental strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
19994915
Volume :
15
Issue :
1
Database :
Academic Search Index
Journal :
Viruses (1999-4915)
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
161560710
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/v15010258