Explore drug-like space with deep generative models.

• We constructed drug-like datasets that cover the major drug-like spaces contained in QED and QEPPI. • We developed a conditional transformer method with MACCS fingerprints for generative design of drug-like molecules. • Deep molecular generation model explores the drug-like chemical space of drug-likeness and PPI-targeted drug-likeness. The generated drug-like molecules share the chemical space with known drugs. • The drug-like space captured by the combined quantitative estimation of drug-likeliness(QED) and quantitative estimate of protein–protein interaction targeting drug-likeness (QEPPI) can cover a larger drug-like space. The process of design/discovery of drugs involves the identification and design of novel molecules that have the desired properties and bind well to a given disease-relevant target. One of the main challenges to effectively identify potential drug candidates is to explore the vast drug-like chemical space to find novel chemical structures with desired physicochemical properties and biological characteristics. Moreover, the chemical space of currently available molecular libraries is only a small fraction of the total possible drug-like chemical space. Deep molecular generative models have received much attention and provide an alternative approach to the design and discovery of molecules. To efficiently explore the drug-like space, we first constructed the drug-like dataset and then performed the generative design of drug-like molecules using a Conditional Randomized Transformer approach with the molecular access system (MACCS) fingerprint as a condition and compared it with previously published molecular generative models. The results show that the deep molecular generative model explores the wider drug-like chemical space. The generated drug-like molecules share the chemical space with known drugs, and the drug-like space captured by the combination of quantitative estimation of drug-likeness (QED) and quantitative estimate of protein–protein interaction targeting drug-likeness (QEPPI) can cover a larger drug-like space. Finally, we show the potential application of the model in design of inhibitors of MDM2-p53 protein–protein interaction. Our results demonstrate the potential application of deep molecular generative models for guided exploration in drug-like chemical space and molecular design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]