Exploration of deep-water torpedo anchors - A review.

It is worth deliberating on torpedo anchors, a development that emerged in the offshore exploration field in recent times. The demand for ocean renewable energy exploration and this interest required developing a new sort of mooring and anchoring systems for offshore platforms. Though a vast type of anchors has been developed, the literature lacks a critical review of torpedo anchors. This critique summarizes a state-of-the-art discussion on torpedo anchors. It aims to review the developments of deep-water torpedo anchors that occurred during the last few decades. The level of growth achieved in this field is significant, economical, and reliable, making it simple and easing the anchor installation operation. This paper recapped the detailed survey of theoretical, experimental (laboratory and field-test) and numerical analysis and design of torpedo anchors and reviewed their performance. And a complete discussion of the torpedo anchor's primary factors (pullout capacity and embedment depth) influencing characteristic features is explained. In addition, it describes the soil failure process of the anchors during penetration and pullout of the anchor. A wide range of features for the application of torpedo anchors is readily enabled. In conclusion, the current challenges encountered in this field are mentioned. • This critique summarizes a state-of-the-art discussion on the torpedo anchors and aims to review the recent developments. • This paper recapped the theoretical, experimental and numerical method of analysis and design of torpedo anchors. • This paper also reviewed various characteristic features influencing torpedo anchor's performance. • A wide range of features for the application of torpedo anchors are readily enabled from this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]