Analysis of the influence of metal ties at the place of punching window and door openings in brick walls on moisture resistance of the wall.

When punching openings in existing external enclosing structures, the need for which arises during the replanning and renovation of buildings, it is necessary to strengthen faces of the opening with metal ties. Angle bars and batten plates are usually used for this purpose. Metal ties, having high thermal conductivity, form thermal bypasses, which reduce resistance to heat convection in the section of the enclosing structure, where they have been installed. Metal ties also have high resistance to moisture vapor transmission. They prevent the movement of vapor humidity in winter from the inner surface of the enclosing structure to the outer one. This leads to moisture accumulation in the places of application of metal ties. A particularly difficult area, in terms of moisture accumulation, is the area between the slope surface on the internal face of the enclosing structure and the metallic batten plate. This is due to the lower resistance to heat convection in this area and high resistance to moisture vapor transmission of the metal bar. Deterioration in moisture resistance of the structure is also affected by the close location of this area to the outer slope of the window or door opening, which leads to temperature reduction in this area. The Paper reveals how the moisture resistance of the wall adjacent to the slopes of windows or doors is influenced by the size of metal angle bars, reinforcing the openings in the walls, thickness of the angle legs, and thickness of the battens connecting the angle bars and their metal pitch. The studies were performed for the walls of 0.25 m and 0.51 m in thickness. Methods for improving the moisture resistance of this part of the wall were also offered in the Article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]