The potentials of carbonaceous domestic waste for the production of highly valuable microbial enzymes through aerobic fermentations – A review case of Southeast Asia.

Fruit and vegetables are important sources of human diet and animal feed. Hence, the current steady increase of world's population has caused vast generation of organic waste from daily fruit and vegetable consumptions. If fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) are not properly managed, they could lead to degradation process of their organic matters, which contaminates water, soil and air. In addition, FVW also affects the aesthetics of the environment, attracts vectors and rodents, and can be the breeding grounds for harmful microorganisms. The organic matters of FVW can be inexpensive carbon sources to produce some important enzymes using controlled fermentation process. Specific microbial agents can be selected and used to produce the desirable enzymes, such as amylase, cellulase, xylanase, invertase, laccase, tannase, protease, and lipase for their particular industrial applications. The utilization of domestic FWV for various enzymes productions is expected to enhance its economic value and can be one of the solutions related to its undesirable impacts to the environment and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]