A two-stage pricing strategy for electric vehicles participating in emergency power supply for important loads.

• Feasibility proof of EVs participating in emergency power supply for important loads. • A novel pricing and scheduling strategy for EVs in emergency power supply. • An adaptive two-stage discharge pricing strategy between grid and EVs based on Q-learning. • Verifications on both effectiveness and economy of the strategy in different cases. In order to reduce the negative impact of blackout accidents caused by extreme disasters, and take the advantages of the distributed energy storage features of electric vehicles (EVs), a scheduling strategy for EVs to participate in emergency power supply for important loads is proposed. Firstly, the scheduling model of EVs participating in post-disaster emergency power supply for important loads is established considering blackout loss, EVs discharge compensation and duration of continuous power supply for important loads as the optimization objectives and the travel demand of EVs as the constraints. Secondly, based on the idea of cost pricing, the bidding ranges of both two participants as the grid and EVs are determined according to the calculation of their own scheduling cost and the estimation of the other's. Finally, the bidding function is established based on Q-learning, and the one-to-many two-stage discharge pricing strategy of the grid and EVs is proposed considering the transaction possibility and the learning relationship among participants. By case analysis of EVs participating in emergency power supply for important loads under different working conditions, it is proved that this strategy can reduce the peak-valley price difference, make the transaction price more reasonable, maximize the continuous power supply duration of important loads, and ensure the discharge income of EV users while reducing disaster loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]