Immune checkpoint therapy—current perspectives and future directions.

Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has dramatically altered clinical outcomes for cancer patients and conferred durable clinical benefits, including cure in a subset of patients. Varying response rates across tumor types and the need for predictive biomarkers to optimize patient selection to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicities prompted efforts to unravel immune and non-immune factors regulating the responses to ICT. This review highlights the biology of anti-tumor immunity underlying response and resistance to ICT, discusses efforts to address the current challenges with ICT, and outlines strategies to guide the development of subsequent clinical trials and combinatorial efforts with ICT. Immune checkpoint therapy provides clinical benefits to many patients across different tumor types. Sharma, Goswami, and colleagues review the mechanisms of and clinical advances in immune checkpoint therapy and outline the challenges and approaches to broaden the clinical utility of immune checkpoint therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]