Refined Lead Boundary Simulation for Compressive Behavior of Low–Shape Factor Lead-Rubber Bearings.

With the increasing demand for vertical isolation in the engineering field, the compressive behavior of low–shape factor (LSF) lead-rubber bearings (LRBs) needs to be further explored. However, the conventional simulation method of lead boundary conditions cannot accurately capture the actual compressive behavior of LSF bearings. Some scientific literature has reported this, but there is a lack of detailed studies to explain it. By comparing the experimental data and numerical simulation results of LSF bearings, the problem of this research is put forward. Thus, a refined numerical simulation method of lead boundary conditions is proposed in this paper based on the manufacturing process of LRBs. Assumed contact types, friction coefficients, and filling ratios of the lead plug are considered as variables of lead boundary conditions. The first shape factor and lead plug diameter are considered bearings variables. The compressive behavior of LRBs, including stiffness, deformation, and stress–strain distribution, are discussed through detailed analysis. The main study results indicate that contact types and filling ratios of lead plugs have a significant influence on the compressive behavior of LSF bearings, and the friction coefficient is negligible. The proposed refined simulation method is capable of capturing LRBs' mechanical behavior with better accuracy than the conventional model under different stresses, especially LSF bearings. However, the conventional numerical modeling method is recommended for LRBs with high shape factors (e.g., 30–50). Finally, an empirical formula is established based on refined simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]