基于PM2.5的空气污染防治政策框架设计.

PM2.5 pollution management in China has entered a new stage: the rapid decline of the annual average PM2.5 concentration has slowed down or even stopped. Although the overall situation of PM2.5 exceedance nationwide has greatly improved, seasonal and re⁃ gional exceedances and heavy pollution are never absent. The marginal cost of long-term governance measures, which are centered on engineering measures for emission reduction and affordable adjustment of industrial and energy structures, is constantly increasing, while its efficiency decreases at the same time. Worse still, it performs poorly in heavily polluted weather. China is still at a critical stage of economic development and urbanization, and it is not technically feasible or cost-effective in the short term to reduce overall pollutant emissions to an allowable level determined by the ambient concentration of PM2.5 under heavily polluted meteorological condi⁃ tions. In this case, continued improvement and steady attainment of the PM2.5 standard required by public health and welfare can only be achieved through daily emission management. However, the current air pollution control policy system is relatively weak in terms of daily ambient air quality and pollutant emission control. Consequently, local governments lack incentives and practical guidance for im⁃ plementing refined air quality management. With the progress of big data technology and the improvement of information technology, the implementation of scientific and precise pollution control is becoming practical. The policy framework for air pollution management needs to be updated to meet the requirements for such management in the new era. At present, the key to the reform is to promote the transformation of air pollution control from extensive long-term management to refined daily management. Taking stationary source man⁃ agement as an example, based on some existing policies, this study proposes a new policy framework that takes both the demand for dai⁃ ly standards and long-term reduction targets of PM2.5 into account. The framework systematically includes a regional air quality assess⁃ ment system, an urban air quality planning system, a stationary source emission standard management system, and a stationary source emission permit system. Considering the daily air quality management objectives, policy efficiency, and potential for continuous im⁃ provement, this study proposes an optimized plan for each policy and establishes the cohesion relationship between policies for exerting policy synergy. There is no doubt that we should stress the accumulation and application of environmental data, summarize effective ex⁃ periences of emission control in daily management, and set up air quality management objectives and an emission control scheme ac⁃ cording to local conditions. Also, it is suggested that we increase the weight of indexes concerned with daily air quality in government performance appraisals with the purpose of encouraging local governments to consciously take measures for refined air quality manage⁃ ment. The results of the evaluation of urban air quality should be linked to the mandatory emission standards implemented in that city, and then promote continuous improvement of urban air quality through the revision of emission standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]