Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides attenuates colitis via reshaping gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acid production.

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis is a gastrointestinal disease closely related to intestinal epithelial barrier damage and intestinal microbiome imbalance; however, effective treatment methods are currently limited. Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) is an important active ingredient with a wide range of pharmacological activities, although its protective effect on colitis remains to be explored. In the present study, we verified the in vitro anti‐inflammatory effect of RGP, and observed the ameliorating effect of RGP on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in mice. RESULTS: The results showed that (i) RGP attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced overexpression of inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells; (ii) RGP improves the pathological damage caused by DSS, including weight loss, increased disease activity index and intestinal tissue ulcers; (iii) RGP improves tight junction proteins to protects the tightness of the intestinal epithelium; (iv) RGP inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors through the nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway, and improved the of intestinal tissues inflammation; and (v) RGP can maintain the species diversity of intestinal microbes, increase the content of short‐chain fatty acids and then restore the imbalance of intestinal microecology. CONCLUSION: RGP can improve the intestinal microbiota to strengthen the intestinal epithelial barrier and protect against DSS‐induced colitis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]