Histopathological carcinoma classification using parallel, cross‐concatenated and grouped convolutions deep neural network.

Cancer is more alarming in modern days due to its identification at later stages. Among cancers, lung, liver and colon cancers are the leading cause of untimely death. Manual cancer identification from histopathological images is time‐consuming and labour‐intensive. Thereby, computer‐aided decision support systems are desired. A deep learning model is proposed in this paper to accurately identify cancer. Convolutional neural networks have shown great ability to identify the significant patterns for cancer classification. The proposed Parallel, Cross Concatenated and Grouped Convolutions Deep Neural Network (PC2GCDN2) has been developed to obtain accurate patterns for classification. To prove the robustness of the model, it is evaluated on the KMC and TCGA‐LIHC liver dataset, LC25000 dataset for lung and colon cancer classification. The proposed PC2GCDN2 model outperforms states‐of‐the‐art methods. The model provides 5.5% improved accuracy compared to the LiverNet proposed by Aatresh et. al on the KMC dataset. On the LC25000 dataset, 2% improvement is observed compared to existing models. Performance evaluation metrics like Sensitivity, Specificity, Recall, F1‐Score and Intersection‐Over‐Union are used to evaluate the performance. To the best of our knowledge, PC2GCDN2 can be considered as gold standard for multiple histopathology image classification. PC2GCDN is able to classify the KMC and TCGA‐LIHC liver dataset with 96.4% and 98.6% accuracy, respectively, which are the best results obtained till now. The performance has been superior on LC25000 dataset with 99.5% and 100% classification accuracy on lung and colon dataset, by utilizing less than 0.5 million parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]