Evaluation of adhesion strength for oxide scale grown on low carbon steel.

Adhesion strength between a substrate and its oxide scale grown on hot-rolled low carbon steel was evaluated by a hybrid numerical-experimental analysis of artificial spallation results. Interfacial fracture of the scale was reproduced by a scratch tester, in which the onset of interfacial fracture was identified by examining the mechanical responses along with microscopic observation. Critical traction at interface was solved quantitatively by numerical inverse analysis with finite element method. Influence of residual stress on adhesion strength was also investigated. Finally, validity of the identified adhesion strength was confirmed by analytical comparison with energy release rate reported in previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]