Up‐regulation of oxytocin receptors on peripheral sensory neurons mediates analgesia in chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain.

Background and Purpose: Chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain (CINP) currently has limited effective treatment. Although the roles of oxytocin (OXT) and the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in central analgesia have been well documented, the expression and function of OXTR in the peripheral nervous system remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the peripheral antinociceptive profiles of OXTR in CINP. Experimental Approach: Paclitaxel (PTX) was used to establish CINP. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were used to observe OXTR expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The antinociceptive effects of OXT were assessed by hot‐plate and von Frey tests. Whole‐cell patch clamp was performed to record sodium currents, excitability of DRG neurons, and excitatory synapse transmission. Key Results: Expression of OXTR in DRG neurons was enhanced significantly after PTX treatment. Activation of OXTR exhibited antinociceptive effects, by decreasing the hyperexcitability of DRG neurons in PTX‐treated mice. Additionally, OXTR activation up‐regulated the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (pPKC) and, in turn, impaired voltage‐gated sodium currents, particularly the voltage‐gated sodium channel 1.7 (NaV1.7) current, that plays an indispensable role in PTX‐induced neuropathic pain. OXT suppressed excitatory transmission in the spinal dorsal horn as well as excitatory inputs from primary afferents in PTX‐treated mice. Conclusion and Implications: The OXTR in small‐sized DRG neurons is up‐regulated in CINP and its activation relieved CINP by inhibiting the neural excitability by impairment of NaV1.7 currents via pPKC. Our results suggest that OXTR on peripheral sensory neurons is a potential therapeutic target to relieve CINP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]