Comparison of hardening rules for numerical analysis of square hollow section under cyclic bending loading.

This article compares isotropic and kinematic hardening rules for square hollow section (SHS) numerical modelling under cyclic bending loading. Hot-rolled and cold-formed SHSs are used. For the cold-formed SHS, the kinematic hardening rule produces hysteresis, which is consistent with the experimental results. However, for the hot-rolled SHS, which has a lower yield ratio, both isotropic and kinematic hardening rules are required. The isotropic hardening parameters for the hot-rolled SHS were obtained using several published equations, and the kinematic hardening parameters were obtained by fitting to existing data. A combined hardening rule was applied to the hot-rolled SHS model, and the obtained hysteresis was consistent with experimental results. The results provide insight into the behavior of hot-rolled and cold-formed SHSs. They can be used to select the hardening rules for cyclic behavior analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]