地下取水系统在海水淡化工程中的应用.

Seawater desalination has being become a reliable solution to the shortage of urban and domestic water in the coastal areas around the world. As an integral part of the desalination process, subsurface water intake system is different from the direct seawater intake system, which refers to the water facilities that taking salty water from beaches, coastal aquifers or submarine mediums, playing an important role for providing adequate and consistent flow of feed water. Unfortunately, there is little research and application on subsurface water intake system of seawater desalination in China. In order to fill the knowledge gap and promote the related subsurface water intaking technologies in China, the types of the subsurface water intake systems was firstly introduced based on the review of many literatures. Secondly, taking the reverse osmosis process as an example, the advantages and disadvantages of the subsurface water intake system were discussed by some cases, data mining and reprocessing, environmental impact and systematic summaries. Finally, adaptive assessment of subsurface water intake system for different coastal geomorphology was analyzed, as well as the investment cost of subsurface water intake system. The results show the following understandings: ① comparing with the open-ocean intakes for seawater reverse osmosis desalination, the alternative subsurface water intake system can offer the advantages for eliminating the impingement and entrainment, removing algae and some organic matters, purifying and improving raw water quality, completely or partly replacing seawater desalination pretreatment; ② due to inappropriate site selection, irregular construction and groundwater exploitation operations, the subsurface water intake system may also cause some issues such as changes in the original beach morphology, threats to coastal marine habitats and induction of saltwater intrusion and intake water pollution in sensitive coastal areas; ③ subsurface water intake system is adaptive to coastal environment, which depends not only on coastal geomorphology, but even more on the nearshore hydrologic and hydrogeological conditions, especially the hydraulic properties of coastal aquifers; ④ the investment and operation costs for the subsurface water intake system have strong advantages over the surface water intake systems, of which the investment cost depends on the factors such as water intake capacity, building scales, infrastructure structures and construction materials. Due to the limitations in research at present, it is necessary to strengthen the joint water intake facilities and the innovative intake design, and in the meantime, it should be more focused on coastal and marine environmental effects, especially the ecological environmental effects on the subsurface water intakes of desalination in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]