Integrative analysis of the effects of organic and conventional farming methods on peanut based on transcriptome and metabolomics.

[Display omitted] • Peanuts showed notable differences in the expression patterns of genes under different cultivation. • Differentially expressed genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were identified. • Organic farming downregulated lipids that drive heart disease risk. • Genotype influences peanut nutrient content more than cultivation method. • Establishing a joint strategy of metabolomics and transcriptome for comparative study. To elucidate the nutritional quality of peanut under different farming methods, we selected two cultivars, "jihua13" and "jihua4", to grow in organic and conventional environments, respectively. After harvest, we measured physiological parameters and differential metabolites. Metabolomics showed that most of the amino acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites in organically grown jihua4 were downregulated, which was completely the opposite in jihua13. Fatty acids associated with heart disease and hypertension are reduced in organically grown peanuts. In particular, the highly statistically significant tryptophan betaine seems to be used as a reference to distinguish between organic and conventional cultivation. Mechanisms leading to differences in crop chemical composition are explained by transcriptome analysis. The results of the transcriptome analysis indicated that organic cultivation largely affects the synthesis of amino acids and carbohydrates in jihua13. Combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics found that variety jihua13 is more sensitive to farming methods and produces more unsaturated fatty acids than jihua4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]