Mission to Mars: effective tools for searching and diagnosing water resources.

The identification and evaluation of the quality of water reserves will be needed after the landing of man on the Mars' surface. To solve this problem, we propose two decision-making systems that result from searching for and estimating the ice thickness or the aquifer depth on Mars. These decision-making systems are based on the use of both multi-channel microwave radiometry, spectral optical tools and the corresponding software. Decision-making systems allow the specification and spatial identification of potential water resources and the evaluation of the depth of the ice-water layer. Algorithms for the functional classification of water samples are proposed and the method for diagnosing water quality is described. The technique is based on the recognition of optical spectral images using a database of spectral patterns. The scheme for passive microwave measurements of ice thickness or groundwater is presented. More efficient radiometers are recommended as components of the microwave decision-making system. The 35-channel spectrophotometer and the 128-channel spectroellipsometer are presented as optical tools for the synthesis of spectral images of ice and water samples. An algorithm of optical inverse task solution is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]