Effetti ergogenici della caffeina sulle prestazioni fisiche funzionali e sulle abilità cognitive.

Over the past two decades, there have been no major changes in the recommendations for caffeine supplementation. However, scientific knowledge has been significant in recent times, such that the state of the art needs to be updated. Sports foods and supplements can play a significant role in the sports nutrition plans of high-level athletes. It has been found that taking specific dietary supplements can have ergogenic and performance-enhancing effects. An example of this is caffeine, which is considered safe up to 400 mg per day when from all food sources as part of a healthy, balanced diet, according to EFSA, the European Food Safety Authority (1). A typical cup of coffee provides about 75-100 mg of caffeine. This study aims to confirm that caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a substance found in beverages such as coffee, tea and energy drinks, can be a valuable ergogenic support for subjects engaged in physical activity. In this context, this literature review outlines the current framework of knowledge. To achieve and maintain the high levels of performance required in sporting events, planning proper sports diet supplementation can only strengthen and revitalize athletes after strenuous training. The relationship between the uses and effects of caffeine in power and endurance sports has been demonstrated. Meanwhile, the effects of caffeine intake on the state of alertness have been evaluated in the military as well. For example, it may be the case that significant physical performance is required during military training and tactical operations, such as marching over rough terrain, sometimes with loads of up to 40 kg. In addition, operational situations with sleep reduction or deprivation may occur. Recently, several studies indicate that genetic background, diet, gender identity, and hormonal status may influence the absorption, metabolism, and physiological and functional effects of caffeine. Ultimately, dietary supplementation with caffeine may be an effective strategy to support cognitive and physical performance in competitive and recreational sports, as well as to maintain an adequate state of alertness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]