Genetic-algorithm-based design of a reconfigurable antenna array with discrete phase shifters<FNR></FNR><FN>The codes are available at <URL>http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/EPNSugan</URL>. </FN>.

In this paper, we propose a novel mixed-integer optimization formulation for the optimal design of a reconfigurable antenna array with quantized phase excitations, which is solved by using the generalized generation gap (G3) model genetic algorithm (GA). To reduce effect of mutual coupling between the antenna-array elements, the amplitude excitations&#39; dynamic-range ratio is minimized. The simulation experiments* clearly show an improved performance of the discrete realization of the phase-excitation values, as compared to the continuous realization and subsequent quantization. The effect of quantization on the continuous formulation of phase excitations is also demonstrated. The proposed mixed-integer formulation can be used in practice for the optimal design of dual-beam antenna arrays. &#169; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 461–465, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20853 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]