Non-Pharmacological Rate or Rhythm Control—It Is Time for Randomized Studies.

Focuses on the results of a non-randomized retrospective study comparing the outcome of rhythm control using a curative ablative approach to atrial fibrillation (AF) for sinus rhythm maintenance with that of rate control using AV junction ablation plus pacing therapy in elderly patients. Analysis of the clinical outcomes with respect to mortality, symptoms, morbidity, recurrent AF and progression to persistent AF; Occurrence of frequent heart failure and atrial enlargement; Determination of the rate of stroke and the use of anticoagulation therapy.