Recent advances in the treatment of IBD: Targets, mechanisms and related therapies.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a representative inflammatory disease, currently has multiple effective treatment options available and new therapeutic strategies are being actively explored to further increase the treatment options for patients with IBD. Furthermore, biologic agents and small molecule drugs developed for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have evolved toward fewer side effects and more accurate targeting. Novel inhibitors that target cytokines (such as IL-12/23 inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors), integrins (such as integrin inhibitors), cytokine signaling pathways (such as JAK inhibitors, SMAD7 blocker) and cell signaling receptors (such as S1P receptor modulator) have become the preferred treatment choice for many IBD patients. Conventional therapies such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents continue to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy, particularly in combination with drug therapy. This review integrates research from chemical, biological and adjuvant therapies to evaluate current and future IBD therapies, highlighting the mechanism of action of each therapy and emphasizing the potential of development prospects. [Display omitted] ● Both cytokines and cytokine signaling pathways can be new therapeutic targets for IBD. ● The importance of conventional therapy for IBD, such as anti-TNF-α antibodies, cannot be ignored. ● Conventional and novel therapy options for IBD can complement each other. ● Novel small molecule drugs such as JAK inhibitor play an important role in the treatment of IBD. ● Novel biologics such as IL-12/23 inhibitors and integrin inhibitors reflect the advantages and development potential of precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]