Epigenetics regulation during virus-host interaction and their effects on the virus and host cell.

Epigenetics, a field of study focused on cellular gene regulation independent of DNA sequence alterations, encompasses DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA modification. Epigenetics processes play a pivotal role in governing the life cycles of viruses, enabling their transmission, persistence, and maintenance with in host organisms. This review examines the epigenetics regulation of diverse virus including orthomoxyviruses, coronavirus, retroviridae, mononegavirales, and poxviruses among others. The investigation encompasses ten representative viruses from these families. Detailed exploration of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying each virus type, involving miRNA modification, histone modification and DNA methylation, sheds light on the intricate and multifaceted epigenetic interplay between viruses and their hosts. Furthermore, this review investigates the influence of these epigenetic processes on infection cycles, emphasizing the utilization of epigenetics by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to regulate gene expression during chronic or latent infections, control latency, and transition to lytic infection. Finally, the paper explores the novel treatments possibilities stemming from this epigenetic understanding. • Epigenetics consist of DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA modification and play a very crucial role in controlling the life cycles of viruses. • This review focus on the epigenetics regulation of members of orthomoxy viruses, corona viruses, retroviridae, mononegavirales and poxviruses etc. Ten different viruses from various families are included and their detail epigenetics mechanisms is discussed. • Complex epigenetic relations between virus and host and their affect on infection cycle and control of latency and changeover to lytic infection and novel treatment options based on this epigenetic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]