Organelle Genetics in Plants 2.0.

Therefore, the overwhelming majority of the proteins that act on chloroplasts and mitochondria are encoded by the nuclear genome, and must be synthesized in the cytoplasm and subsequently transported to their target organelle. The authors hypothesized that these sequences could indicate the occurrence of gene transfer from a bony fish to the chloroplast genome of the ancestor of I V. sambucifolia i f. I dageletiana i , likely mediated by fungi or bacteria. This genetic material constitutes the genomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria, also known as plastomes and mitogenomes, respectively, whose organization and inheritance patterns substantially differ from those of nuclear DNA. With a length of 1,187,459 bp, a substantial portion (over 30% of the entire mitogenome) did not correspond to the sequences found in the mitogenomes of terrestrial plants, perhaps as a consequence of the gene transfer from the nucleus or the chloroplast to mitochondria. [Extracted from the article]