Ultra-high output hybrid nanogenerator for self-powered smart mariculture monitoring and warning system.

• A self-powered monitoring and warning system is proposed for distributed smart mariculture. • The remote SMWS is integrated with anti-theft module and sea water sensor module powered by MHTEG. • The multi-electrode pairs of TENG is optimized for improving charge transfer efficiency. • MHTEG exhibits an ultrahigh output energy of 39.6 mJ and excellent energy conversion efficiency of 22.61%. • A peak power of 20.9 W/m3 can reach by MHTEG. Remote monitoring of distributed mariculture based on Internet of Things (IoT) has become an important part of smart marine agriculture, however, attaining stable and long-lasting power supply from conventional commercial batteries remains challenging, which significantly restricts the development of blue economic toward intelligent and diversified. Herein, a self-powered monitoring and warning system (SMWS) for smart mariculture based on a nodding duck structured multi-layer hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic generator (MHTEG) is developed that endows improved electrical output performances and energy conversion efficiency. The structure of multi-electrode pairs is investigated with various ratios of nylon rod diameter to electrode width for optimizing the charge transfer efficiency of MHTEG. A peak output power density of 20.9 W/m3, ultra-high output energy of 39.6 mJ and excellent energy conversion efficiency of 22.61% can be achieved by the MHTEG with a high charge transfer efficiency of over 88%. Moreover, combining the MHTEG with an anti-theft and seawater sensor module, the remote SMWS is designed for monitoring and providing early-warning in marine farming. Such a design renders a practicable strategy and generic energy solution for efficient ocean wave energy scavenging and enabling distributed mariculture with intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]