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3D-printed holder for drawing highly reproducible pencil-on-paper electrochemical devices.
- Source :
-
Microchimica Acta . Aug2023, Vol. 190 Issue 8, p1-13. 13p. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Pencil drawing is one of the simplest and most cost-effective ways of fabricating miniaturized electrodes on a paper substrate. However, it is limited by the lack of reproducibility regarding the electrode drawing process. A 3D-printed pencil holder (3DPH) is proposed here for simple, reproducible, and low-cost hand-drawn fabrication of paper-based electrochemical devices. 3DPH was designed to keep pressure and angulation of the graphite mine constant on the paper substrate using a micromechanical pencil regardless of the user/operator. This approach significantly improved the reproducibility and cost of making reliable pencil-drawn electrodes. The results showed high reproducibility and accuracy of the 3DPH-assisted electrodes prepared by 4 different operators in terms of sheet resistance and electrochemical behavior. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) curves in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox probe showed only 3.9% variation for the anodic peak currents of different electrodes prepared by different operators when compared with electrodes prepared without the 3D-printed support. SEM analyses revealed a more uniform graphite deposition/design of the electrodes prepared with 3DPH, which corroborates the results obtained by CV. As a proof of concept, 3DPH-assisted pencil-drawn graphite electrodes were employed for dopamine detection in synthetic saliva, showing a proportional increase in anodic peak current at 0.12 V vs. carbon pRE with increasing dopamine (DA) concentration, with a detection limit of 0.39μmol L−1. Moreover recovery was in the range 93–104% of DA (4–7% RSD) in synthetic saliva for three different concentrations, demonstrating the reliability of the approach. Finally, we believe this approach can make pencil-drawn technology more robust, accessible, reliable, and inexpensive for real on-site applications, especially in hard-to-reach locations or research centers with little investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00263672
- Volume :
- 190
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Microchimica Acta
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 170028789
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05920-x