The Triple-E Model: Advancing Equestrian Research with Perspectives from One Health.

Simple Summary: Sports that involve horses are complicated, and research focusing on the health and well-being of horse, rider, and environment requires collaboration across disciplines. Our team has developed a new approach called the Triple-E Model, which expands on the One Health Model. The Triple-E Model focuses on the horse (equine), rider (equestrian), and the environment. Right now, no models capture all the complexities of these interactions, even though the horse industry has a significant impact on the economy and healthcare. This paper discusses the current models and their shortcomings in equestrian sports complexities and then introduces the Triple-E Model as a solution. It allows different experts to collaborate and share their knowledge to help the equestrian community. The Triple-E Model goes beyond just looking at diseases and includes injuries and overall well-being. It is all about working together as a team to provide the best care and support for everyone involved in equestrian activities. Equestrian sport has various welfare issues and educational needs. To address these complex interactions, we propose an integrated approach called the Triple-E Model, which focuses on the equine, equestrian, and environmental triad. A literature review of existing models suggests that complexities of these interactions are overlooked, despite the significant impact of equine industries on economics, healthcare, and animal welfare. This paper discusses current models and theories used to evaluate equine–equestrian–environmental interactions and introduces the Triple-E Model to foster multidisciplinary collaboration. Unlike the One Health triad, which focuses on disease emergence, transmission, and zoonosis, the Triple-E Model extends to non-infectious research, such as musculoskeletal injury. It promotes collaborative care and rehabilitation within the equestrian community by engaging multidisciplinary, multi-setting, and multi-sectoral teams. Given the nature of human–animal interaction and welfare considerations, this model fills the gap in understanding human–horse interactions. The paper highlights the limitations of existing models and explains how the Triple-E Model guides and encourages holistic team collaboration in the equestrian community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]