Ultrahigh polarization Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based relaxor ceramics for force-electric conversion.

High polarization of ferroelectric materials has profound research significance and is the decisive factor in the application of energy storage, pyroelectricity, and explosive energy conversion. Herein, in force-electric conversion field, an ultrahigh remanent polarization (51.43 μC/cm2) and record-breaking energy density (4.59 J/cm3) after poling were achieved with a lead-free (1 − x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 − xAgNbO3 [(1 − x)BNT – xAN] relaxor ceramics. The enhancement effect of AgNbO3 on polarization is attributed to the increase in lattice distortion and orientation after poling. Additionally, a significant force-electric conversion effect under hydrostatic pressure (depolarization rate ∼44.8%, 400 MPa) and shock pressure (depolarization rate ∼54.4%, 6.3 GPa) in (1 − x)BNT – xAN was attributed to the pressure-driven ferroelectric/relaxor (FE/RE) phase transition. This work is expected to enlighten the further design of ferroelectric materials with high polarization for pulse power energy conversion application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]