Application of water pinch analysis in process industry: A review.

The world is on the edge of a water scarcity and availability of water is immediate threat. Environmental sustainability drive stimulate efforts towards water conservation and encourages developing systematic water minimization techniques. In this paper, a review of the state of the art of pinch technology has been performed and an efforts has been made to collect, analyze and outline the latest methodologies and trends of water conservation. This review paper synthesizes water pinch techniques for water reuse, water regeneration, water recycle, flow rate targets followed by water network design and economic evaluation, implementations with help of case studies of different industries. The paper also provides in depth analysis of Water Pinch Technology development and includes the advancements in pinch methodology, implementations, case studies and suggesting future research direction. To make evident the prospective and application of water pinch technology at factual industries, sincere efforts has been put in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]