Highly effective synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from lignocellulosic biomass over a green and one-pot reaction in biphasic system.

[Display omitted] • The high yield of 5-HMF (61%) confirmed the effectiveness of the DESs based biphasic system. • BHC can replace traditional acid catalysts and ionic liquids because it is non-toxic and inexpensive. • AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O and BHC could be effectively reused four times. • CrCl 3 conjunction with BHC is a novel and promising strategy for the 5-HMF production from LCB. In this study, different types of lignocellulosic biomas were used as substrates for the conversion to 5-HMF via biphasic reaction system that is composed of a reaction phase (aqueous phase) and an extraction phase (organic phase) under the catalysis of various metal salts. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl, aqueous choline chloride, aqueous betaine hydrochloride, and ethylamine hydrochloride were used as the reaction phase in the combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as organic solvents. The highest yields of 5-HMF obtained from pineapple stems in reactions with DES were 40.98%, 37.26%, and 23.44% for ChCl:Lac, ChCl:OA, and EaCl:Lac, respectively. Moreover, the combination of dimethyl sulfoxide, betaine hydrochloride aqueous solution, and AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O with the pineapple stem conversion system resulted in a maximum yield of 61.04% ± 0.55% of 5-HMF. This study also demonstrated that AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O and betaine hydrochloride could be effectively reused four times, which indicates a green and effective process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]