Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.

• We overviewed fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies and their related diseases. • We compared liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with immunoassay for the determination of fat-soluble vitamins. • We overviewed the applications and advantages of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for fat-soluble vitamin measurement. • We summarized common fat-soluble vitamin metabolites and the key analytical parameters of reported LC-MS/MS methods. Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are essential for maintaining normal body function and metabolism. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency may lead to bone diseases, anemia, bleeding, xerophthalmia, etc. Early detection and timely interventions are significant for preventing vitamin deficiency-related diseases. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is developing into a potent instrument for the precise detection of fat-soluble vitamins due to its high sensitivity, high specificity, and high resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]