The Effect of Low-Dose Glucocorticoids Over Two Years on Weight and Blood Pressure in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Individual Patient Data From Five Randomized Trials.

Glucocorticoids reduce disease activity and retard progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis, but current recommendations discourage their use because of drug adverse effects. This study examined the effects of low-dose glucocorticoids on weight gain and hypertension, which are among the more worrisome adverse effects for patients and rheumatologists. Visual Abstract. The Effect of Low-Dose Glucocorticoids Over Two Years on Weight and Blood Pressure in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Individual Patient Data From Five Randomized Trials Glucocorticoids reduce disease activity and retard progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis, but current recommendations discourage their use because of drug adverse effects. This study examined the effects of low-dose glucocorticoids on weight gain and hypertension, which are among the more worrisome adverse effects for patients and rheumatologists. Background: Weight gain and hypertension are well known adverse effects of treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids. Objective: To evaluate the effects of 2 years of low-dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Design: Pooled analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials with 2-year interventions allowing concomitant treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Setting: 12 countries in Europe. Patients: Early and established RA. Intervention: Glucocorticoids at 7.5 mg or less prednisone equivalent per day. Measurements: Coprimary end points were differences in change from baseline in body weight and mean arterial pressure after 2 years in intention-to-treat analyses. Difference in the change of number of antihypertensive drugs after 2 years was a secondary end point. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were done to assess the robustness of primary findings. Results: A total of 1112 participants were included (mean age, 61.4 years [SD, 14.5]; 68% women). Both groups gained weight in 2 years, but glucocorticoids led, on average, to 1.1 kg (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.8 kg; P  < 0.001) more weight gain than the control treatment. Mean arterial pressure increased by about 2 mm Hg in both groups, with a between-group difference of −0.4 mm Hg (CI, −3.0 to 2.2 mm Hg; P  = 0.187). These results were consistent in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Most patients did not change the number of antihypertensive drugs, and there was no evidence of differences between groups. Limitation: Body composition was not assessed, and generalizability to non-European regions may be limited. Conclusion: This study provides robust evidence that low-dose glucocorticoids, received over 2 years for the treatment of RA, increase weight by about 1 kg but do not increase blood pressure. Primary Funding Source: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]