Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis associated with diabetes: A case report and literature review.

Background: Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis (CDS), also called hematogenous sporotrichosis, is a rare condition that usually affects immunocompromised patients. The current work presents the case of a woman with diabetes mellitus associated with CDS. Case presentation: A 59-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus presented with a two-year history of ulcerated rashes on the left ankle and both sides of the jaw. Physical examination revealed three annular areas of erythematous and raised plaque with an ulcer over the left ankle and both sides of the jaw. Based on laboratory findings, elevated blood glucose concentration and decreased white cell count were observed. Sporothrix globosa was identified in the mycological culture of biopsied tissue from the three lesions and this was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The skin lesions healed after two-month itraconazole therapy. Conclusions: Diabetes is a risk factor for disseminated sporotrichosis, which may be induced by hematogeneous spread, repeated inoculation, or autoinoculation. This study raises awareness among clinicians, with regard to the notion that people with possibly altered immune function are potentially vulnerable to severe clinical forms of sporotrichosis. Author summary: Sporotrichosis is one of the unspecified deep mycoses that match the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) selection criteria. It is caused by Sporothrix, a fungus that usually results in zoonotic fungal diseases and sapronosis that are endemic in temperate regions. Sporotrichosis is clinically presented in two main forms, which are lymphocutanous sporotrichosis (LC) and fixed sporotrichosis (F), especially in immunocompetent patients. However, severe clinical versions, such as cutaneous disseminated, mucosal, and extracutaneous forms may present in immunocompromised hosts. This study presents a case of cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and information based on the review of relevant literature. Clinicians should be on the lookout for severe clinical forms of sporotrichosis in all patients with possibly altered immune function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]