Overview of dose assessment in supervision of concentrated minerals contain radioactive material.

NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) and TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) were introduced in Government Regulation No. 33 Year 2007 as part of the chronic exposure situation. The supervision on NORM and TENORM has changed in recent years. Despite the dynamics of development during this period, the focus of supervision is concentrated minerals contain radioactive. This paper aims to identify the concept of dose assessment in the supervision of radioactive concentrated minerals. The methodology used in this paper is a literature study of regulations, international recommendations, and practices from the other countries. The activity concentration of uranium and thorium decay series, and potassium remains the main basis for supervision. The practice of Australia and Malaysia, as well as the IAEA recommendations use the concept of a graded approach. The activity concentration as a basic starting point for the next assessment process. Dose assessment means an assessment of an individual or group of people. Dose assessment should take into account the various possible exposure pathway scenarios from the source to the receptor. The exposure pathway and number of exposure scenarios depends on the variety of scenarios from location and operation/activity. Some of these variations will provide a level of difficulty in developing exposure scenarios. Dose assessment can be done by comparison of measured radionuclide concentrations to reference levels, spreadsheet analysis using dose coefficient tables, or computer modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]