The carrier transition from Li atoms to Li vacancies in solid-state lithium alloy anodes.

The article discusses the crucial aspect of lithium (Li) kinetics in solid-state batteries. It explores the kinetic transition from alloying reactions to metal deposition in Li alloy anodes and identifies the carrier transition from Li atoms to Li vacancies during the lithiation process. The rate-determining step in the lithiation processes is determined to be charge transfer or Li atom diffusion, shedding light on the fundamental processes governing stable cycling in solid-state batteries.