An IoT-based system for monitoring and forecasting flash floods in real-time.

Floods are the most frequent of all natural disasters that occur in India. Although one of the main reasons for these disasters is the variations in monsoon and heavy inflows during the four months of the rainy season, India's asymmetric geomorphic features play an important role in determining the nature and intensity of floods in different regions. The destruction due to floods can be monitored with Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Flood forecasting can be done to warn people and evacuate them to safer places. A real-time end-to-end system generates an early flood alert based on various hydro-meteorological parameters received from sensing devices. In this study, an IoT-based system senses the hydrological data such as water discharge and water level, as well as data related to climate like rainfall, humidity, temperature, wind direction and speed. The task of estimating the water discharge gets difficult since rivers have changing geographic properties. To resolve this issue, a novel technique is proposed to estimate river discharge based on the sectional area and flow of the river. Additionally, the challenges associated with quantifying the overall quantity of rainfall resulting from the unpredictable behaviour of the local meteorological conditions have been addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]