A multi-objective co-evolutionary algorithm for energy and cost-oriented mixed-model assembly line balancing with multi-skilled workers.

Energy-saving, one of the most significant strategies for green manufacturing, has become the focus of more and more scholars and enterprise managers. Hence, this work addresses the minimization of energy and cost requirements on mixed-model multi-manned assembly line balancing with multi-skilled workers. A new mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to define the problem. Additionally, a novel multi-objective co-evolutionary algorithm is designed to achieve the trade-off between energy and cost requirements. This algorithm includes a two-layer solution representation to achieve full coverage of the solution space and a new decoding mechanism with idle time reduction. A collaborative initialization as the first stage of the algorithm is extended to get high-quality and great-diversity initial solutions. A self-learning evolution for each sub-population with four problem-specific evolutionary operators is developed to explore task or worker assignment sequences, and a dual-cooperation strategy is proposed to enhance the interaction between sub-populations. The final experiments, based on 269 instances, demonstrate that the improvement components are effective and the proposed algorithm is superior to seven latest multi-objective evolutionary algorithms from numerical, statistical and differential analyses. • Define the MALBP-MW by a MILP model to minimize the energy and cost requirements. • Design a new decoding with idle time reduction and a collaborative initialization. • Propose four problem-specific evolutionary operators for MOCEA. • Develop MOCEA with a self-learning selection and dual-cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]