精子顶体发育相关蛋白的研究进展.

Fertilization is the first step of a new life, in which a diploid zygote is formed by the fusion between the sperm haploid genetic material and the ovular haploid genetic material. The process of mammalian fertilization involves a series of complex and delicate activities, such as sperm hyperactivation and capacitation, acrosome reaction and sperm-egg binding. Sperm acrosome is a special membrane organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior part of the sperm nucleus, which plays a key role in the process of fertilization. Acrosome formation mainly includes vesicle formation, vesicle transport, vesicle fusion, and the binding of acrosome to the nucleus, etc. The unique protein transport mechanism requires the coordination of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and other organelles as well as some special structures. Acrosome formation is a key step in the transformation of a spermatid into a spermatozoon, which is finely regulated by multiple genes. Defects in acrosome formation are associated with a variety of male infertility, including globozoospermia. This review summarizes the sequence of major biological events during sperm acrosome development and the related proteins, and introduces the recent research on the role of autophagy-related proteins in acrosome development, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]