充分认识儿童膀胱输尿管反流治疗的复杂性.

Proper management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has remained one of the most controversial and complex issues in pediatric urology. Selecting management strategies and surgical indications of VUR should be based upon age, gender, grading, etiology, bladder function, heredity, urinary tract infection and renal status. And VUR patients should be stratified into different risk levels. And according to individual differences and risk factors, optimal treatments are devised to effectively improve the patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]