Екстрапулмонални прояви при инфекция с респираторно - синцитиален вирус - с принос на един случай и преглед на литературни данни.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), recently renamed human orthopneumovirus is the main infectious agent causing respiratory diseases in newborns, children under 5 years of age and the elderly. It mainly affects the lower respiratory tract and, accordingly, is an occasion for hospitalizations during the winter season in the mentioned age groups. In addition to the typical involvement of the structures of the respiratory system, the RSV exhibits tropism to human myocardial tissue, liver and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), thus causes the development of extrapulmonary symptoms. Cardiac involvement can be the type of myocarditis and cardiac disorders. Endocrine manifestations are due to elevated values of antidiuretical hormon and hyponatremia. Liver involvement acute hepatitis from the virus itself, administration of hepatotoxic drugs, liver congestion or ischemia due to dysfunction of abdominal circulation. CNS manifestations are central apnei, seizures, lethargy, difficulties in eating or swallowing, abnormalities of tone or strabismus, changes in cerebrospinal fluid or electroencephalogram have been detected. The presented clinical case is a boy of 4 years and 10 months, with clinical manifestations of acute RSV bronchiolitis and the manifestation of transient ventricular arrhythmia /from bigimenia to quadrigimenia/ within the underlying disease. Complex treatment aimed at affecting respiratory manifestations and rhythm disorders has led to permanent stabilization in the child’s condition and to complete healing. Clinicians should be aware of the extrapulmonary manifestations of RSV infection, as they can lead to an unexpected worsening of the clinical symptoms and set significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]