Second and fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio in heroin and cannabis addicted patients.

Abstract The etiology of addiction has not yet been fully elucidated. The ratio between the length of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D ratio) has been linked with prenatal androgen concentrations, but also with addictive behvaiors. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the differences of 2D:4D ratio of individuals with cannabis and heroin addiction by examining them together with the control group. A total of sixty two male patients (33 opiate use disorder and 29 cannabis use disorder) with substance use disorder and the twenty-nine healthy controls were included in the present investigation. We obtained the lengths of 2D and 4D of the subjects by using sensitive calipers and calculated the 2D:4D. Heroin-addicted patients had lower 2D:4D ratio in in the right hand (significant difference between control group) (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), there was no significant difference found between heroin-cannabis (<italic>p</italic> = 0.242) and control-cannabis 2D:4D ratios (<italic>p</italic> < 0.06). In the left hand, it was significant between the heroin-control groups (<italic>p</italic> < 0.037) and the cannabis-control groups (<italic>p</italic> < 0.023), while it was not significant between the heroin-cannabis groups (<italic>p</italic> = 1). In conclusion, we suggest that heroin-and cannabis addicted patients seem to have a lower ratio of 2D:4D compared to healthy control subjects. Our findings can be considered promising as to whether prenatal hormonal factors are important in the etiopathogenesis of addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]