A low-cost prosthetic orbital simulation model for endoscopic anterior ethmoid artery ligation.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a low-cost orbital prosthesis for simulation of endoscopically assisted intra-orbital anterior ethmoidal artery ligation. Methods: A low-cost orbital prosthesis was built and evaluated by ENT surgical trainees. Feedback was given following the assessment in the form of a face validity questionnaire. Results: Results were scored on a Likert scale of 1–7 (low to high). Trainees had limited exposure to the procedure (40 per cent) and predominantly low levels of confidence (mean, 3.67) that correlated with a lack of first-hand experience. The anatomy and likeness to human tissue of the prosthesis were both ranked highly, with mean scores of 5.0 and 4.93, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study support the idea that a simple anatomical prosthesis for the simulation of endoscopic anterior ethmoidal artery ligation can be created with potential value to otolaryngology surgical training. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documentation of simulated surgical epistaxis management using an artificial anatomical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]