Three Orthogonal Polarization Distribution Mapping of the Tightly Focused Fields with a Dual‐Mode Waveguide Probe.

Strongly confined electromagnetic (EM) fields generated by tightly focused light beams are applied widely in nano‐optics due to their vectorial characteristics. The inclusion of the longitudinal polarized component plays a crucial role in both the physical characteristics and practical uses of tightly focused vector beams. The acquisition of the distributions of the three orthogonal polarized components of these fields is advantageous for the comprehensive examination of their captivating physical phenomena and possible applications. However, this continues to pose a noteworthy obstacle, especially in the case of the fields that are generated by high numerical aperture objectives. A novel approach is proposed to quantifying the three mutually perpendicular polarizations simultaneously in the focal plane. The method utilizes a dual‐mode waveguide probe that is composed of a dielectric nanoparticle and a metal‐dielectric waveguide. This design allows for the simultaneous support of both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Consequently, it enables the polarization recognition of scattering light in k‐space. Importantly, this method effectively eliminates any interference originating from the background light. The work involves an analysis of the theoretical notion of the probe and followed by experimental investigations. This approach holds promise for augmenting optical nanoscopy methodologies and their associated applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]