Tisagenlecleucel: Respiratory failure due to idiopathic pneumonia syndrome secondary to cytokine release syndrome: case report.

A 14-year-old boy developed respiratory failure due to idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) secondary to cytokine release syndrome (CRS) during treatment with tisagenlecleucel for pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The boy had undergone various transplant-related complications, but achieved complete remission after receiving tisagenlecleucel. However, he developed grade 2 CRS and subsequently experienced symptoms of pneumonia. Despite treatment, his condition worsened and he developed shock. A diagnosis of IPS was made and he received treatment that improved his clinical status, but he later experienced relapse of his leukemia and died. It was concluded that CRS associated with tisagenlecleucel had led to IPS and consequent respiratory failure, which further caused shock. [Extracted from the article]