Implication effect of Probiotics and chemotherapy drugs in prohibition and remediation of lung carcinoma induced by COVID-19.

Patients with severe Covid-19 infection exacerbate their symptoms with IPF, more severe in various disorders as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking intoxication, heart diseases finally resulting in respiratory failure and death. Underlying disorders are linked to gut microbiota especially to dysbiosis. An innate immune response is caused by environmental stimuli such as viral infection and smoking, and inflammation is triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation drives angiogenesis in the process of development of inflammation with overproduction of cytokines and growth factors. Pathogens, proinflammatory cytokines, and growth factors plays a central role in carcinogenesis between epithelial cells, myofibroblasts through NF-κB. Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts such as the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and lead beneficial effects against harmful microbes such as F. nucleatum in the gut that induce underlying diseases. Among the factors that have an effective role in the process of carcinogenesis is NF-κB, as it works on the rapid response to pathogenic stress, inflammation, angiogenesis and carcinogenesis. The suppression of unregulated or activated NF-κB is able to be the chemotherapeutic target with NF-κB inhibitors such as thalidomide and celecoxib. Especially patients with underlying diseases who experience COVID-19 infection-induced pulmonary fibrosis after several years or more might be predicted to have a higher probability of developing NSCLC, if not with proper follow-up and treatment with symbiosis and small molecular NF-κB inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]