Revisiting the political integration of Islamist parties in North Africa in light of the notions of 'civil state' and 'Islamic secularism'. Introduction.

This article explores the rise of Islamist parties in North Africa after the 2011 uprisings and their integration into the political landscape. It focuses on the concepts of the "civil state" and "Islamic secularism" that these parties have adopted to distance themselves from radical religious commitments and participate in politics. The article analyzes the different interpretations and meanings of these concepts within the Arab-Muslim world and compares them to Christian democracy in Europe. It also examines case studies from Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia to understand how these concepts have been framed and operationalized by Islamist parties and the conflicts that arise from their adoption. The article emphasizes the need for a comparative approach to understand the complexities of religion-state relations and the secularization of political life in the region. [Extracted from the article]