Automatic detection of microaneurysms using a novel segmentation algorithm based on deep learning techniques.

Microaneurysms is the first stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and it plays a vital role in the computerized diagnosis. However, it is difficult to automatically detect microaneurysms in fundus images due to the complicated background and various illumination reasons. The motivation behind this, is the number of increases in diabetic patients is very large when compared with the number of ophthalmologists. The FSCA‐UNET (Frequency Spatial Channel Attention UNET) segmentation model, is proposed and it is an improvement over UNET. We first use the frequency channel attention mechanism to analyze the features that were extracted from the first stage of the convolution layer, and we obtain good results. Then, we included a spatial attention map with frequency attention, also known as FSCA‐UNET, which makes use of inter‐spatial connections between features. Our deep neural model with an encoder‐decoder structure termed FSCA‐UNET produced more accurate results. Our novel algorithm outdated the performance measures of the existing segmentation algorithms. The proposed segmentation algorithm was trained and tested on Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD), and E‐ophtha Dataset and we got promising results in terms of sensitivity, specificity, dice coefficient, precision, F1 score, and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]