A Novel Adaptive Clustering Algorithm in 3D CoMP Communication for the Internet of Vehicles.

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) necessitates high data throughput and minimal latency for effective and practical implementation. In addition, the rapid movement of vehicles can lead to considerable load imbalances in IoV base stations (BSs). This paper proposes an adaptive clustering algorithm for 3D IoV coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission and reception communication within the 5th-generation (5G) communication environment to address these challenges. The IoV communication nodes are divided into BSs and vehicle users (hereafter called "users"). Among the users, there are two subcategories: Cell-center users (CCUs) and cell-edge users (CEUs). To select the Cluster Head (CH), the user with the highest count is chosen based on the number of distances to similar users that meet a specific distance criterion. The remaining associated users form a user cluster with the CH. The process continues in this manner until all users have been clustered. The CHs of CCUs and CEUs communicate with the primary service BS situated at the minimum distance to the CH and with coordinated BSs, respectively. The simulation results show that the novel algorithm can improve the average information rate of the IoV by 108.11%, reduce the delay by 43.88%, and decrease the load of IoV BSs by 73.56%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]