لین دین کے قدیم و جدید ذرائع کا فقہی جائزہ.

The evolution of currency traces its roots back to the earliest stages of human civilization, where various modes of exchange, ranging from barter to metal-based transactions, shaped the landscape of trade. The initial practice of direct goods exchange, known as barter, was succeeded by the Commodity System, wherein specific items served as mediums of trade. The Metal System further streamlined transactions through the use of metal coins, although it presented its own set of challenges. The shift from physical commodities to symbolic representations of value marked a crucial turning point, leading to the introduction of paper currency as a means to address the complexities associated with metal-based transactions. Notably, historical records indicate widespread acknowledgement of the legitimacy of these evolving exchange systems by Muslim scholars. However, a pivotal moment arose in 1971 when paper currency detached from tangible assets like gold and silver, sparking diverse opinions among Muslim scholars regarding its compatibility with Shariah principles. In the contemporary era, the landscape of currency has expanded to include credit cards and digital currencies as alternative mediums of exchange. The advent of these modern methods has prompted ongoing discussions among scholars about their Shariah status. This article delves into the historical trajectory of currency evolution and explores the diverse perspectives within the Muslim scholarly community regarding the Shariah compliance of both traditional and contemporary forms of currency. By doing so, it aims to shed light on the intricate and multifaceted nature of exchange systems throughout history and in our present times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]