Multi-stimuli responsive, shape deformation, and synergetic biomimetic actuator.

• A green and common method was proposed to prepare biomimetic actuators. • The PNPB actuator showed excellent multi-stimulus response and synergistic effect. • Anisotropic natural bamboo endowed the PNPB actuator programmable performance. • The PNPB actuator had application potential in complex environment. Hydrogel actuators with controllable deformation and excellent biocompatibility are widely used in soft robot, valve, drug delivery and lenses. However, the stimulation response performance of existing hydrogel actuators mostly focuses on a single active layer, which greatly affects its driving performance and service life. In this work, we integrate temperature-responsive hydrogel (Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide), PNIPAM) and pH-responsive hydrogel (polyacrylic acid, PAAc) into one system to fabricate a dual active layer composite hydrogel actuator with high performance. Based on the PAAc hydrogels achieving contract or expand at different pH values, the obtained actuator exhibits admirable bidirectional bending characteristics. In addition, the anisotropic bamboo sheet endows the hydrogel actuator with programmable 3 D complex deformation. Benefitting from the synergy and different responsiveness between the two active layers, the hydrogel actuator not only has multiple response performance, but also greatly improves its deformation degree and response speed. More importantly, these promising properties of the actuator have broad application prospects in the development of pattern design and intelligent switch. This work proposes a promising strategy for the structural design of hydrogel actuators with excellent performance, and encourages more exploration of the application range of the actuator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]