Fermented lily bulbs by "Jiangshui" probiotics improves lung health in mice.

• GR-3 increased the availability of bioactive compounds in the fermented lily bulbs. • LFB+GR-3 fraction restricted deposition of CBNPs and tissue damages in mice lungs. • Lung microbiota was restored in LFB+GR-3 fraction group than solely CBNP exposure. Limited application in protecting lung health is attributed to the low levels of active compounds in lily plant bulbs. This study focused on enhancing the active compounds by fermenting Lilium davidii (Lanzhou Lily) bulbs with Limosilactobacillus fermentum GR-3, isolated from Jiangshui. Lily fermented bulbs with strain GR-3 (LFB+GR-3) increased the bioavailability of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 22-tetrahydroxy-5alpha-cholestan-6-one-3-O-beta- d -allopyranoside, 22-O-(6-deoxy-Alpha- l -mannopyranosyl)-3-O-beta- d -glucopyranosyl-pregn-5-en-20-one, 1-O- trans -feruloylglycerol, and 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid. LFB+GR-3 fraction was employed to treat the mice model exposed to the carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the deposition of CBNPs and damages in lung tissues were limited in the LFB+GR-3 treatment group, while TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 were elevated by 6.9, 4.3, and 7 folds in the CBNP exposure group. In addition, Lactobacillus , Escherichia , Lactococcus , and Muribacter were dominant in the lung microbiota of LFB+GR-3 than the CBNP group. The use of probiotic fermented lily bulbs might be helpful in lung infection treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]